What are the key indications for initiating parenteral nutrition in adult patients?

Parenteral nutrition should be considered in adult patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition as defined in recommendations 1.3.1 and 1.3.2, and meet either of the following criteria: inadequate or unsafe oral and/or enteral nutritional intake or a non-functional, inaccessible or perforated (leaking) gastrointestinal tract ¹.