What pharmacological treatments are recommended for managing individual components of metabolic syndrome?

Pharmacological treatments for managing individual components of metabolic syndrome include:

• Hyperglycaemia/Insulin resistance: Metformin is recommended to support lifestyle changes in people at high risk of type 2 diabetes, especially if lifestyle interventions alone are insufficient or not feasible. It should be started at a low dose and titrated up, with renal function monitored regularly. Metformin may need to be taken long-term and is more effective when combined with lifestyle changes ¹.
• Obesity: Orlistat can be considered as part of an overall obesity management plan for people with a BMI of 28 kg/m2 or more ¹.
• Hypertension and Dyslipidaemia: Although specific antihypertensive or lipid-lowering drugs are not detailed in the provided excerpts, NICE guidelines for type 2 diabetes management recommend choosing drug treatments based on individual clinical circumstances, including cardiovascular risk factors, and considering drugs that provide cardiovascular and renal protection ³.
• Type 2 Diabetes Management: For adults with type 2 diabetes, drug treatment options include metformin as first-line therapy, with other classes such as sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors considered based on individual needs, comorbidities, and risks ³.

Summary: Metformin is the primary pharmacological agent recommended for impaired glucose regulation in metabolic syndrome, with orlistat for obesity management. Other components like hypertension and dyslipidaemia require tailored pharmacological treatment guided by cardiovascular risk and individual patient factors, as per NICE diabetes management guidelines ¹,³.