What lifestyle modifications should I advise to a patient with Marfan syndrome to reduce the risk of complications?

Lifestyle modifications for a patient with Marfan syndrome to reduce the risk of complications include:

• Avoiding strenuous or high-impact physical activities: Patients should be advised to avoid activities that cause excessive strain on the cardiovascular system, particularly those that increase blood pressure or involve intense physical exertion, to reduce the risk of aortic dissection or rupture.
• Engaging in safe, moderate physical activity: Encourage gentle aerobic exercise such as walking or swimming, which can improve cardiovascular health without undue stress on the aorta.
• Smoking cessation: Strongly advise patients not to smoke, as smoking can exacerbate cardiovascular risks and worsen connective tissue health.
• Healthy diet: Advise a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fats and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support cardiovascular health.
• Regular cardiovascular monitoring: Although not a lifestyle modification per se, patients should be encouraged to attend regular follow-ups for echocardiograms and blood pressure monitoring to detect early complications.
• Alcohol moderation: Advise limiting alcohol intake in line with UK government guidelines to avoid additional cardiovascular strain.

These recommendations are extrapolated from general cardiovascular risk reduction and connective tissue disorder management principles, as specific UK guidelines for Marfan syndrome lifestyle modifications are not detailed in the provided context. However, the emphasis on avoiding high-intensity exercise, smoking cessation, and maintaining cardiovascular health aligns with best practice for reducing complications in Marfan syndrome ²,³.