What are the common comorbidities associated with learning disabilities that I should monitor in my patients?

Common comorbidities associated with learning disabilities that should be monitored in patients include:

• Mental health problems: People with learning disabilities have a higher prevalence of serious mental illnesses such as severe depression, anxiety, psychosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder ².
• Behavioural difficulties: These include emotional and behavioural problems, difficulties with attention, concentration, hyperactivity, conduct disorders, and problems with peer relationships ³.
• Sensory impairments: Hearing and visual impairments are common, especially in those with more severe disabilities or associated conditions like cerebral palsy ³.
• Executive function deficits: Problems with inhibition, impulse control, emotional control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning are frequent, particularly in children born preterm who also have learning disabilities ¹.
• Communication difficulties: Speech, language, and communication problems are common and may require active monitoring ¹,².
• Physical health and complex health needs: Patients with more severe learning disabilities often have complex health needs and may require support with daily activities and mobility ².

Monitoring these comorbidities through regular assessment and coordinated care is essential to address the holistic needs of patients with learning disabilities.