How should I interpret a positive HIV test result, and what are the next steps for diagnosis?

Interpreting a Positive HIV Test Result: A positive HIV test result indicates that HIV antibodies or antigens have been detected in the person's sample, suggesting HIV infection. However, initial positive results from screening tests require confirmatory serological testing to establish a definitive diagnosis.

Next Steps for Diagnosis: Following a positive screening test, the individual should be referred promptly to an HIV specialist service for confirmatory testing, ideally within 48 hours and certainly within 2 weeks of receiving the result. This referral ensures timely confirmation of diagnosis, provision of information about the diagnosis, and access to local support groups and treatment services.

Healthcare professionals should provide appropriate information and support to the person, including discussing the implications of the diagnosis and available treatment options. They should also be aware of and use clear referral pathways to ensure people who test positive receive prompt and appropriate care.

Additionally, partners of people who test positive should be offered HIV testing through partner notification procedures to identify and manage further cases.