How can I effectively screen for gambling disorder in patients presenting with anxiety or depression?

Effective screening for gambling disorder in patients presenting with anxiety or depression involves:

• Directly asking about gambling behaviours using clear questions such as "Do you gamble?" or "Are you worried about your own or another person's gambling?" to overcome stigma and encourage disclosure.
• Considering screening for gambling disorder routinely in patients with mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, as these groups are at increased risk of gambling-related harms.
• Using validated screening tools like the Problem Gambling Severity Index or the South Oaks Gambling Screen to assess the severity and impact of gambling behaviour.
• Taking a holistic approach by enquiring about gambling alongside other lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol, and substance use during health checks or registration.
• Being aware of and sensitive to stigma, shame, and fear of disclosure, which may prevent patients from talking about gambling, especially in marginalised or minority groups.
• Assessing the relationship between gambling and mental health symptoms, including the impact on anxiety and depression, and considering referral to specialist gambling treatment services if needed.

These steps help identify gambling disorder early in patients with anxiety or depression, enabling timely support and intervention.

References: ¹