What lifestyle modifications should I advise to a patient diagnosed with emphysema to improve their quality of life?

Advise the patient with emphysema to quit smoking and avoid exposure to passive smoke, as continued smoking and passive smoke increase the risk of exacerbations and worsen symptoms.

Encourage regular physical activity and participation in pulmonary rehabilitation programs, which are tailored multidisciplinary interventions designed to improve physical and social performance and autonomy.

Provide education on managing breathlessness and ensure correct inhaler technique and adherence to prescribed medications.

Recommend vaccinations, including annual influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, to reduce the risk of respiratory infections that can exacerbate emphysema.

Advise on maintaining a healthy nutritional status, monitoring body weight, and referring for dietetic advice if BMI is abnormal or changing.

Discuss the importance of self-management plans, including recognizing and managing exacerbations, and provide access to support from healthcare professionals and relevant organisations.