How should I counsel patients on the correct use of condoms to maximize their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy and STIs?

Counselling patients on correct condom use to maximize effectiveness:

• Use condoms consistently and correctly every time you have sex to reduce the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Check the condom packaging for damage and expiry date before use to ensure the condom is intact and effective.
• Open the condom package carefully to avoid tearing the condom with nails or sharp objects.
• Pinch the tip of the condom to leave space for semen and roll it down the erect penis fully before any genital contact.
• Use a water-based lubricant if needed to reduce condom breakage; avoid oil-based lubricants as they can degrade latex condoms.
• After ejaculation, hold the base of the condom while withdrawing to prevent it slipping off and spilling semen.
• Dispose of the condom safely in a bin; do not flush it down the toilet.
• Provide information on emergency contraception and post-exposure prophylaxis in case of condom failure or breakage.
• Ensure condoms (including female condoms) and lubricants are readily accessible and provide demonstrations or educational materials on correct use.
• Discuss the impact of alcohol and drugs on decision-making and condom use to support safer sexual practices.

These steps help maximize condom effectiveness in preventing pregnancy and STIs and should be part of comprehensive sexual health advice, especially for young people and those at higher risk.

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