What steps should I take to ensure informed consent is obtained before a minor undergoes a medical procedure?

Steps to ensure informed consent before a minor undergoes a medical procedure:

• Assess the minor's capacity to consent, recognising that those aged 16 or 17 are presumed to have capacity unless assessed otherwise, and children under 16 may consent if deemed Gillick competent for the specific decision by a healthcare professional.
• Provide clear, age-appropriate explanations about the procedure, including risks, benefits, and alternatives, ensuring the minor understands and has the opportunity to ask questions or express concerns.
• Involve the minor in the decision-making process to the extent of their maturity and understanding, supporting them to assent, consent, or refuse treatment as appropriate.
• Engage parents or carers who have parental responsibility, especially for younger children, ensuring they are informed and supported to participate in decisions, while respecting the minor’s views and rights.
• Maintain privacy and confidentiality during discussions, offering the minor opportunities to speak privately without parents or carers if desired, and explaining the limits of confidentiality.
• If there is disagreement between the minor, parents/carers, or healthcare professionals, focus discussions on the best interests of the child, consider involving additional professionals or advocates, and provide support to all parties.
• Document the consent process thoroughly, reconfirming understanding and consent decisions on an ongoing basis, and provide explanations if treatment proceeds without consent in emergencies.

These steps align with UK guidelines on children and young people's healthcare consent and safeguarding legislation.

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