What criteria should I use to determine when to refer a patient with clubfoot to a specialist?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 21 August 2025Updated: 21 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

While the provided guidelines do not explicitly mention "clubfoot," criteria for referring a patient with limb deformities and contractures to a specialist, such as an orthopaedic surgeon, are outlined .

You should consider an assessment by an orthopaedic surgeon if the patient presents with muscle shortening, contractures, or bony deformities that limit limb function, for example, affecting walking or getting dressed . This referral is also appropriate if contractures of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, or hand cause difficulty with skin hygiene, or if the cosmetic appearance of the upper limb causes significant concern for the child or young person .

Additionally, for children with abnormal limb posture that has no apparent musculoskeletal cause, a neurological assessment should be considered . Children with new-onset gait abnormality should be referred immediately to acute paediatric services .

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.