When should I consider referring a patient with BRAO to a specialist, and what information should I include in the referral?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 17 August 2025Updated: 17 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

The provided UK guideline excerpts do not contain specific information regarding when to refer a patient with branch retinal artery occlusion to a specialist, nor what information should be included in such a referral.

However, the guidelines do discuss urgent referrals for other ophthalmic conditions. For instance, urgent referral to ophthalmology assessment and investigations is recommended for suspected age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ideally within 1 week . This is particularly important if the patient presents with visual distortion (metamorphopsia) or rapid-onset visual loss, as these symptoms may indicate neovascular AMD, for which prompt treatment can improve visual outcomes ,.

For corneal superficial injuries, immediate referral to ophthalmology is recommended for penetrating ocular injuries or chemical burns after copious irrigation . Referral is also advised if a foreign body cannot be safely removed in primary care, or if a rust ring is present .

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.