What are the recommended screening protocols for occupational exposure to hazardous substances?

For individuals with occupational exposure to hazardous substances, recommended screening protocols focus on early detection of exposure effects and prevention of long-term health consequences through a combination of baseline and periodic health assessments tailored to the specific hazards involved. Initial screening should include a detailed occupational history, baseline clinical examination, and relevant biological monitoring such as blood or urine tests to detect biomarkers of exposure or early organ dysfunction. Periodic screening intervals depend on the type and level of exposure but generally involve repeated clinical assessments and biomonitoring to identify subclinical toxicity or sensitisation early. Specific tests may include lung function tests for respiratory hazards, liver and kidney function tests for chemical exposures, and dermatological assessments for skin contact risks. Additionally, screening for early signs of malignancy or genetic damage may be indicated for carcinogenic exposures. Workplace environmental monitoring complements individual screening by assessing exposure levels and guiding the frequency and type of health surveillance required. Education and counselling on exposure risks and protective measures are integral to the screening process to reduce further harm. This integrated approach aligns with UK workplace health management practices emphasizing risk assessment and health surveillance ⁵, while recent literature from the United States highlights the importance of a systematic occupational exposure prevention and control system that includes rigorous biological monitoring and environmental controls to enhance screening effectiveness (Zheng et al., 2024).