What initial investigations should I perform for a patient presenting with menorrhagia?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 16 August 2025Updated: 16 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

Carry out a full blood count test for all women with HMB, in parallel with any HMB treatment offered.

Consider testing for coagulation disorders (for example, von Willebrand's disease) if the woman has had HMB since her periods started and has a personal or family history suggesting a coagulation disorder.

Carry out a physical examination before all investigations or LNG-IUS fittings.

If the woman has suspected submucosal fibroids, polyps, or endometrial pathology, offer outpatient hysteroscopy based on her history and symptoms.

Offer pelvic ultrasound to women with suspected larger fibroids, a palpable abdominal uterus, or a pelvic mass, especially if examination is inconclusive or difficult.

Offer transvaginal ultrasound (preferably) to women with symptoms suggestive of adenomyosis, such as significant dysmenorrhoea or a bulky, tender uterus.

Consider serum ferritin testing only if iron deficiency anaemia is suspected, not routinely.

Do not routinely carry out female hormone testing or thyroid hormone testing unless other signs and symptoms are present.

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.