What patient education should I provide regarding the long-term management of hypoparathyroidism?

Patient education for long-term management of hypoparathyroidism should include:

• Understanding the condition: Explain what hypoparathyroidism is, including the role of parathyroid glands in calcium regulation and the consequences of low parathyroid hormone levels.
• Medication adherence: Emphasise the importance of taking prescribed calcium and active vitamin D supplements consistently to maintain stable calcium levels and prevent symptoms of hypocalcaemia.
• Monitoring and follow-up: Inform patients about the need for regular monitoring of serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and renal function to adjust treatment and avoid complications such as hypercalcaemia or renal impairment.
• Lifestyle advice: Advise on maintaining adequate hydration, avoiding medications or supplements that may affect calcium levels adversely, and ensuring a balanced but not excessive dietary calcium intake.
• Recognising symptoms: Educate patients to recognise symptoms of both low calcium (e.g., muscle cramps, tingling, seizures) and high calcium levels, and to seek medical advice promptly if these occur.
• Vitamin D management: Explain the role of vitamin D supplementation, the need for lifelong therapy in most cases, and the importance of adherence to prevent deficiency and maintain bone health.
• When to seek specialist advice: Encourage patients to report any new symptoms or concerns and understand that specialist referral may be necessary for complex management or if complications arise.

This education supports active patient participation in care, optimises treatment outcomes, and reduces risks associated with hypoparathyroidism.