How should I counsel patients regarding the risks and benefits of the HPV vaccine?

Counselling patients about the HPV vaccine should include the following key points:

• Encourage vaccination ideally at age 12–13 years, before becoming sexually active, to ensure optimum effectiveness in preventing HPV infection and related diseases.
• Explain that the nine-valent HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer and also provides additional protection against anogenital warts and other HPV-related cancers such as vaginal, vulval, and anal cancers.
• Advise that while vaccination significantly reduces the risk of HPV infection, it does not eliminate the need for regular cervical screening for women aged 25–64 years, as screening detects precancerous changes early.
• Inform sexually active individuals that using barrier methods like condoms reduces but does not completely eliminate the risk of HPV transmission; condoms also protect against other STIs including HIV, which can increase the risk of HPV progression to cervical cancer.
• Discuss that limiting the number of sexual partners further reduces potential exposure to HPV.
• Reassure patients that the vaccine is safe and that healthcare providers are trained to address any concerns or contraindications, such as allergies.
• Provide tailored information and allow time for questions to support informed consent and shared decision-making.

These points help patients understand both the benefits and limitations of HPV vaccination, supporting informed decisions and encouraging uptake.

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