What non-pharmacological interventions are effective for managing GAD in a primary care setting?

Effective non-pharmacological interventions for managing GAD in a primary care setting include individual non-facilitated self-help, which involves written or electronic materials based on CBT principles that the person works through over at least 6 weeks, with minimal therapist contact such as a short telephone call ¹.

Another intervention is individual guided self-help, supported by a trained practitioner who facilitates the programme and reviews progress, typically involving 5–7 weekly or fortnightly sessions of 20–30 minutes each ¹.

Additionally, psychoeducational groups based on CBT principles, which are interactive and encourage observational learning through presentations and manuals, conducted by trained practitioners with a ratio of 1:12, usually over 6 weekly 2-hour sessions, are recommended ¹.

Furthermore, exercise is advised as a self-care measure, with evidence suggesting that aerobic exercise can reduce anxiety symptoms, especially high-intensity regimens ².