How can I educate patients and their families about the prevention and management of anaphylaxis?

Educating patients and their families about the prevention and management of anaphylaxis involves several key components:

• Provide clear information on the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, including rapidly developing airway, breathing, and circulatory problems, often with skin and mucosal changes, so they can recognize anaphylaxis early ².
• Explain the importance of immediate emergency response: patients and carers should be instructed to use an adrenaline auto-injector promptly at the onset of symptoms, call 999 for an ambulance stating 'anaphylaxis', and lie flat with legs raised unless breathing is difficult, in which case sitting up is advised ¹,².
• Demonstrate the correct use of the adrenaline auto-injector, including when and how to use it, emphasizing that two devices should be carried at all times and expiry dates checked regularly ¹,².
• Advise on avoidance strategies for known triggers, including detailed discussion about suspected allergens and how to minimize exposure ¹,².
• Inform about the risk of biphasic reactions, where symptoms can recur within 72 hours without further allergen exposure, and the need for ongoing vigilance ².
• Encourage wearing medical alert identification (e.g., Medic Alert bracelet) to inform others of their allergy history in emergencies ¹.
• Provide written information and support resources, such as NHS leaflets on anaphylaxis, the Anaphylaxis Campaign factsheets, Allergy UK helpline, and MHRA guidance on adrenaline auto-injectors ¹.
• Ensure referral to a specialist allergy service for comprehensive assessment, diagnosis, ongoing management, and further education ².

Overall, education should empower patients and families to recognize anaphylaxis promptly, use adrenaline auto-injectors correctly, avoid triggers, and seek emergency help immediately, supported by specialist follow-up and accessible information resources.