How can I effectively educate patients about the risk factors for AKI and the importance of early recognition?

Educate patients about the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) by explaining that the risk is increased with conditions such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure, liver disease, diabetes, neurological or cognitive impairment, and during acute illnesses like diarrhoea, vomiting, or dehydration ¹.

Advise patients that certain medications, including over-the-counter NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, and herbal remedies, can increase their risk, especially if they are unwell or dehydrated ¹.

Inform them that the risk is higher if they have a history of AKI or are over 65 years old ¹.

Emphasize the importance of early recognition by instructing patients to seek urgent medical advice if they experience symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, or signs of dehydration, or if they are acutely unwell ¹.

Encourage patients to be aware of the need to temporarily stop certain medications during illness and to follow 'sick day' guidance to prevent AKI ¹.

Highlight the importance of regular monitoring of kidney function in at-risk individuals and the need for prompt medical review if they notice reduced urine output or other concerning symptoms ¹.