What are the potential complications of obesity that I should discuss with my patients?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 14 August 2025Updated: 14 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

Potential complications of obesity to discuss with patients include:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is strongly associated with obesity and central adiposity.
  • Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
  • Certain cancers linked to obesity.
  • Respiratory conditions, including obstructive sleep apnoea and other breathing difficulties.
  • Musculoskeletal problems, such as osteoarthritis and reduced mobility.
  • Metabolic conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

It is important to explain these risks in a sensitive, non-stigmatising manner, focusing on health and wellbeing improvements rather than weight alone. Also, consider that people from some ethnic minority backgrounds may have increased risk of these complications at lower BMI thresholds due to central adiposity.

Discussing these complications helps patients understand the impact of obesity on their health and supports shared decision-making about management and referral options.

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Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.