What criteria should I use to refer a patient with CKD to a nephrologist?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 14 August 2025Updated: 14 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

Refer adults with CKD for specialist assessment if they have a 5-year risk of needing renal replacement therapy of greater than 5% (measured using the 4-variable Kidney Failure Risk Equation) .

Refer adults with CKD if there is a sustained decrease in eGFR of 25% or more within 12 months and a change in CKD category .

Refer adults if there is a sustained decrease in eGFR of 15 mL/min/1.73 m or more within 12 months .

Refer adults if the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) is 70 mg/mmol or more, unless proteinuria is known to be associated with diabetes mellitus and is managed appropriately .

Refer adults if hypertension remains poorly controlled despite the use of at least four antihypertensive medicines at therapeutic doses .

Refer adults if there are known or suspected rare or genetic causes of CKD or suspected renal artery stenosis .

Refer to urology for people with renal outflow obstruction, unless urgent treatment is needed .

Consider referral if there are concerns but the patient does not meet all criteria, by discussing management with a specialist .

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.