What are the key components of a COPD management plan that I should discuss with my patients?

Explain the diagnosis, risk factors for progression, and the importance of a healthy diet and physical activity to your patients. ¹

Advise and support smoking cessation at every opportunity, including offering nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, or bupropion as appropriate, with tailored support programs. ¹

Discuss the benefits of vaccinations, including pneumococcal and annual influenza vaccines. ¹

Develop a personalized self-management plan in collaboration with the patient, covering education on COPD symptoms, non-pharmacological measures (such as diet, physical activity, pulmonary rehabilitation, smoking cessation, and avoidance of passive smoking), and the importance of medication adherence and inhaler technique. ¹

Review and adjust treatment based on symptoms and exacerbations, considering additional therapies like roflumilast or long-term antibiotics if indicated. ²

Provide an exacerbation action plan, including when to use short courses of oral corticosteroids and antibiotics, and when to contact healthcare professionals. ¹

Offer pulmonary rehabilitation to suitable patients, emphasizing its benefits and the need for commitment. ¹

Discuss the importance of vaccinations, including pneumococcal and annual influenza vaccines. ¹

Assess and manage comorbidities, including mental health and nutritional issues, and refer to specialists as needed. ¹

Address travel and activity considerations, including pre-flight assessments and advice on scuba diving restrictions. ²