Effective non-pharmacological interventions for managing mild to moderate depression in primary care include individual guided self-help programmes based on the principles of CBT, which involve behavioural activation and problem-solving techniques, supported by a trained practitioner, and typically delivered over 9 to 12 weeks with up to 6 to 8 sessions (face-to-face and via telephone) NICE CG91.
Computer-based or web-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programmes are also recommended, which include explanations of the CBT model, encourage tasks between sessions, and involve limited facilitation by a trained practitioner, usually over 9 to 12 weeks NICE CG91.
Sleep hygiene advice, such as establishing regular sleep and wake times, avoiding excess eating, smoking, or alcohol before sleep, creating a proper sleep environment, and engaging in regular physical activity, is advised for patients with depression NICE NG222.
Active monitoring, including discussing the presenting problem, providing information about depression, arranging further assessment within 2 weeks, and making contact if follow-up is missed, is recommended for patients with mild depression who do not want formal intervention or are recovering NICE NG222.