What non-pharmacological interventions are effective for managing mild to moderate depression in primary care?

Effective non-pharmacological interventions for managing mild to moderate depression in primary care include individual guided self-help programmes based on the principles of CBT, which involve behavioural activation and problem-solving techniques, supported by a trained practitioner, and typically delivered over 9 to 12 weeks with up to 6 to 8 sessions (face-to-face and via telephone) ¹.

Computer-based or web-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programmes are also recommended, which include explanations of the CBT model, encourage tasks between sessions, and involve limited facilitation by a trained practitioner, usually over 9 to 12 weeks ¹.

Sleep hygiene advice, such as establishing regular sleep and wake times, avoiding excess eating, smoking, or alcohol before sleep, creating a proper sleep environment, and engaging in regular physical activity, is advised for patients with depression ².

Active monitoring, including discussing the presenting problem, providing information about depression, arranging further assessment within 2 weeks, and making contact if follow-up is missed, is recommended for patients with mild depression who do not want formal intervention or are recovering ².