Screening tool for depression in adults, and primary care treatment op

Clinical answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Screening tools for depression in adults:

Use the two-question screening method: “During the last month, have you often been bothered by feeling down, depressed or hopeless?” and “During the last month, have you often been bothered by having little interest or pleasure in doing things?”

Available treatment options in primary care:

Provide evidence-based verbal and written information about depression and its treatment, tailored to the patient's needs
Consider developing advance decisions about treatment and review them regularly
Support setting up a Lasting Power of Attorney for health and welfare if appropriate
Assess severity, previous history, functional impairment, and social factors to inform treatment decisions
For mild to moderate depression, low-intensity psychosocial interventions, psychological interventions, or medication can be offered, with referral for further assessment if needed
In cases of severe or complex depression, high-intensity psychological interventions, medication, electroconvulsive therapy, or inpatient care may be necessary

Screening tool for depression in adults, and primary care treatment options?