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HardCardiovascularAcute cardiogenic pulmonary oedemauk-plab-1

A 72-year-old woman with a history of ischaemic heart disease presents with acute onset severe breathlessness, pink frothy sputum and orthopnoea. She is tachypnoeic at 30 breaths/min, BP 180/100 mmHg, SpO₂ 88% on air, with bilateral basal crackles. Which is the single most appropriate immediate management step?

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