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HardRespiratoryChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseau-amcau-racp

A 58-year-old heavy smoker presents to his GP in a small rural town with chronic cough and progressive exertional dyspnoea. Spirometry shows FEV1/FVC 0.55 and FEV1 45 percent predicted. According to COPD-X, which intervention is proven to reduce mortality in COPD?

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