Question

A 58-year-old woman with obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes presents with exertional dyspnoea and ankle oedema. Echocardiogram shows preserved ejection fraction and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. According to CCS heart failure guidelines, which non-pharmacologic intervention is central to managing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)?

Accepted Answer

Optimisation of blood pressure, weight and comorbidity management, including exercise training

Answer

Strict fluid restriction to 1 L/day in all patients

Answer

Aggressive use of inotropes

Answer

Routine ICD implantation

Answer

Long-term high-dose loop diuretics in all patients

Practice question