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MediumRespiratoryCOPD pharmacologic escalationca-mccqe1ca-ccfpca-rcpsc-im

A 70-year-old former smoker with FEV1 45% predicted and frequent COPD exacerbations (three steroid-treated exacerbations in the past year) remains dyspnoeic on dual LABA/LAMA therapy. According to the 2023 CTS COPD pharmacotherapy guideline, what is the recommended next pharmacologic step?

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