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MediumCardiologyAcute pulmonary oedemaau-amcau-acem

A 62-year-old man with long-standing hypertension and ischaemic heart disease presents with acute onset severe dyspnoea, orthopnoea and frothy sputum. He is tachypnoeic, hypoxic and has bilateral crackles. Blood pressure is 180/110 mmHg. ECG shows sinus tachycardia. What is the most appropriate immediate management in the emergency department?

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