A 67-year-old man with a history of COPD presents with worsening dyspnoea, leg swelling and orthopnoea. Echocardiography shows LVEF 30%. He is already...

Question

A 67-year-old man with a history of COPD presents with worsening dyspnoea, leg swelling and orthopnoea. Echocardiography shows LVEF 30%. He is already on maximally tolerated ACE inhibitor, beta blocker and SGLT2 inhibitor. According to heart failure guidelines, which additional agent provides mortality benefit in symptomatic HFrEF?

Accepted Answer

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist such as spironolactone

Answer

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

Answer

Thiazide diuretic alone

Answer

Ivabradine in sinus rhythm at 60 bpm

Answer

Digoxin as first-line

au-amc MCQ (SBA): Advanced HFrEF pharmacotherapy